When the going gets tough, the American dollar gets going. That’s the way it’s been for ages — when markets get rocky and there are few places to hide, like now, the U.S. dollar is the port in the storm investors turn to.
For example, in the depths of the financial crisis, the greenback gained 23%; during the global pandemic it was up 10%. Now as the global economy grapples with searing inflation and pending downturn, the U.S. dollar is once again standing strong, up 16% since the summer of 2021, say TD economists Beata Caranci and James Orlando in a recent report.
Among the developed nation currencies that have depreciated against the U.S. dollar, the loonie has held up pretty well, say the economists. Though if you were hoping to hop across the border for some Black Friday shopping you may want to think again. The loonie against the U.S. dollar hit as low as 72 cents on Oct. 17. It was trading at 74.20 as of November 7.
The Canadian dollar has declined about 11% to the greenback during 2022, but TD says on a trade-weighted basis, it is only down about 5% and when you strip out the U.S. dollar, the loonie is actually up nearly 1%. “We think this more accurately depicts the risks facing the Canadian economy,” they said.
Despite the storm clouds on the horizon, Canada’s economy so far has not fared too badly. GDP growth has averaged more than 3% so far in 2022 as higher commodity prices boosted corporate profits and government revenue, said TD. Income growth and savings have buffered Canadians against high inflation, more than their neighbours to the south.
It’s this strength that has allowed the Bank of Canada to raise interest rates rapidly this year, pretty much in lockstep with the U.S. Federal Reserve. “This, along side high commodity prices have put a floor under the CAD relative to peers,” said TD.
But that may be about to change. Markets are betting that the Fed will end its rate hiking cycle higher than the Bank of Canada and yield curve differentials are widening, with U.S. yields more than 30 basis points higher than Canadian yields, said TD. Caranci and Orlando say it’s not certain whether these expectations will hold, but for now it looks reasonable as inflation in Canada appears to be cooling quicker than in the United States.
The Bank of Canada increased its benchmark interest rate in October by half a percentage point to 3.75%, as it forecast the economy would stall over the next three quarters. Many economists had been expecting a larger 75 basis-point hike.
Another reason the Bank may ease up on the throttle sooner than the Fed is the higher household debt of Canadians, says TD. “Canada has roughly two times the reliance on real estate, has experienced a sharper corrections, and has higher mortgages roll-over risks than the U.S.” said the economists.
TD estimates that by the end of 2022, debt servicing costs for households will be 30% higher than in the first quarter of 2021, with the average borrower spending an extra $2,500 a year just on debt.
According to Reuters, investors are betting the Bank of Canada will end its rate hiking at 4.25%, about three-quarters of a percentage point less than is expected for the Federal Reserve’s terminal rate. TD says it wouldn’t be surprised to see the loonie weaken in coming months as the full impact of rate hikes hits Canadians and the global economy weakens. “The currency will likely flirt with 70 U.S. cents if the Fed continues its solo mission to test the upper limit of rate hikes,” said the economists.
Source: Globe and Mail
